Tuesday, July 31, 2007

RACE AND RACIALIZATION IN CYBERSPACE

- Racialization in cyberspace can been seen in such websites as Dixienet.org or other Neo-Confederate websites. These websites push for preserving the South and its heritage, and they want to do so by only having the white race be a part of it. None of these sites acknowledge blacks.
From Tara McPherson’s ““White Guys, the South, and Cyberspace”:
- The work of neo-Confederates in cyberspace reveals a sincere attempt to make “self” in the world, and articulate a particular (and racially naturalized) presence.
- Reconstructing Dixie is all about a serious battle over the demands of place, race, and identity.
- With most of these sites prohibiting an explicit expression of racist ways, it does not simply forget or overlook the matter, but instead it enables the evasion of the race question under the whiteness of cyberspace.

CYBERSPACE

- The electronic medium of computer networks, in which online communication takes place (Dictionary.com).
From Tara McPherson’s ““White Guys, the South, and Cyberspace”:
- Stone: cyberspace functions as a kind of public theater, “a base for [the] cyborg” suggesting that in their play these cyborgs are rewriting the standard of the bounded, embodied individual” (118).
- According to Sherry Turkle, cyberspace allows people to create any identity or multiple identities, and be able to cycle through them as they choose (118).
- Rheingold: celebrated the Internet’s ability to overcome geographical boundaries, envisioning it as a kind of yellow brick road (118).

HERITAGE

- Something that is passed down from preceding generations; a tradition (Dictionary.com).
- Many Neo-Confederates in cyberspace want to preserve the Southern heritage, meaning whites being the dominant race, and others being inferior.
- Southern heritage is a tradition of preserving white privilege.

@RACE

(From Beth Kolko’s “Erasing @race”)
- Race tends to be missing from signifying one’s virtual identity, even though information like gender and age are available.
- Some people think that race should be left behind in the real world because marking race online can bring undesired responses from other people.
- The lack of @race makes race irrelevant or assumes that everyone is of one race.
- “Technology interfaces carry the power to prescribe representative norms and patters, constructing a self-replicating and exclusionary category of ‘ideal’ user, one that in some very particular instances of cyberspace, is a definitively white user” (218).

IDENTITY TOURISM

(from Lisa Nakamura’s “Where Do You Want to Go Today?” Cybernetic Tourism, the Internet, and Transnationality”)
- Certain ads have an “international” flavor that seems to celebrate national and ethnic identities.
- “This world without limits is represented by vivid and often sublime images of displayed ethnic and racial difference in order to bracket them off as exotic and irremediably ‘other’ (page 89)”.
- Travel and tourism go hand in hand with networking technology because they are commodities that define a privileged society.
- Always having “others” in telecommunications advertisements secures a Westerner’s thought that he is always going to be privileged wherever he goes.
- Demonstrates the needs of corporate companies to always have images of “others” to depict their products as technological utopias of difference.

Tuesday, July 24, 2007

Race vs. Ethnicity

- Ethnicity- the Japanese shared a common cultural background even in the relocation camps through trying to remember their culture at home.
- Race- whites though of the Japanese as model minorities and placed them into a group that was based on what they heard and what other Asians were thought to be like, true or not.

Stratified

- To arrange or separate into castes, classes, or social levels (Dictionary.com)